Women and the European Labour Markets

Labour market inequalities are a feature which all European countries share. This book provides a comparative perspective of sexual inequality in the 12 member-states of the European Union. Different aspects of inequality are discussed and presented: participation rates, occupational segregation, income differences, careers and the division of unpaid work. Another aspect that is examined is the position of women from ethnic minorities in the labour market. After presenting the facts, the book then looks at economic and sociological theories for possible explanations and integrates them into a single framework that provides starting points for a policy to promote equality between the sexes. The second part of the book explores different policy measures promoted by the EU to advance equal opportunities. After presenting the equal opportunities of the EU, particular instruments are discussed such as the impact of EU directives, child care policies, positive action and comparable worth strategies. In addition the position of women in trade unions and their influence upon European decision making in the field of social policy is looked at. The book concludes with an exploration of what the future has in store for women in Europe.